Data format: Shapefile
File or table name: MalawiCaseStudy
Coordinate system: Transverse Mercator
Theme keywords: Poverty
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Data format: Shapefile File or table name: MalawiCaseStudy Coordinate system: Transverse Mercator Theme keywords: Poverty |
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Abstract:
The spatial units are rural aggregated enumeration areas for Malawi. This analytical geography was created by aggregating statistical enumeration areas (EA) developed by the National Statistical Office of the government of Malawi for the 1998 National Population and Housing Census into spatial units with a minimum of 500 households. Typically two or three EAs were combined to form the aggregated EA units. The boundaries of the aggregated EAs respect the district and sub-district Traditional Authority administrative boundaries. The data in the attribute file beyond locational information is related to poverty mapping estimates made for each unit and the inputs and outputs of a geographically weighted regression analysis of the determinants of poverty prevalence in the rural aggregated EAs. |
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The spatial units are rural aggregated enumeration areas for Malawi. This analytical geography was created by aggregating statistical enumeration areas (EA) developed by the National Statistical Office of the government of Malawi for the 1998 National Population and Housing Census into spatial units with a minimum of 500 households. Typically two or three EAs were combined to form the aggregated EA units. The boundaries of the aggregated EAs respect the district and sub-district Traditional Authority administrative boundaries. The data in the attribute file beyond locational information is related to poverty mapping estimates made for each unit and the inputs and outputs of a geographically weighted regression analysis of the determinants of poverty prevalence in the rural aggregated EAs.
The aggregated EAs were developed for a poverty mapping analysis. This analysis used detailed household data from the 1997-98 Malawi Integrated Household Survey (IHS) to develop models of household welfare that employed only those explanatory variables that could also be found in the 1998 Census. These models were then used with the Census data to make small-area estimates of welfare and poverty across the country. The method used has been shown elsewhere to provide quite reliable estimates of welfare and poverty for populations as small as 500 households - hence the 500 household population threshold used to construct the aggregated EA geography. (More recent analyses undertaken after the aggregated EA geography had been completed, suggests that the 500 household threshold may be overambitious, and the poverty mapping estimation method should only be employed with somewhat larger populations of 1,000 to 20,000 in size.) Welfare, poverty, and inequality estimates were made for the population in each aggregated EA. The analysis presented here then attempts to explain the spatial patterns in estimated poverty prevalence using a range of other spatial data.
The initial aggregated EA geography was constructed for the entire country, both rural and urban populations. However, as it was expected that the determinants of poverty in rural and urban Malawi would differ significantly, here our focus is only on rural aggregated EAs. Note, however, that urban centers in rural areas are included here. Only the four major urban centers of Malawi - Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Mzuzu - do not feature in this coverage, together with relatively unpopulated areas - national parks and forest reserves.
ground condition
This is an international public good. The only expectation on its use is that acknowledgement be made of: National Statistical Office Government of Malawi PO Box 333 Zomba, Malawi & International Food Policy Research Institute 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 USA
2033 K Street, NW
This coverage was developed by Todd Benson of the International Food Policy Research Institute from a shapefile of the 1998 Census Enumeration Areas that was prepared for the Malawi National Statistical Office.
Each unit is uniquely identified using the SEQNO field or the AGGREA field which includes the SEQNO and DISCODE information. The administrative hierarchy within which the aggregated EA is located is the Traditional Authority (TA & TACODE) and district (DISTRICT & DISCODE). The other attribute information comes from a range of sources: 1) the results of the poverty mapping exercise to compute poverty, welfare, and inequality estimates for each aggregated EAs, 2) a range of variables considered as explanatory variables of poverty that were extracted from a wide range of spatial datasets for Malawi, and 3) the results of a geographically weighted regression analysis of the determinants of poverty prevalence in the rural aggregated EAs of Malawi.
No formal logical consistency tests undertaken. This is a coverage derived from an earlier 1998 Malawi census enumeration area boundary coverage that was digitized from 1:50,000; 1:25,000, and 1:10,000 scale maps and was subjected to quite rigorous auditing of both the spatial structure and the attributes for each polygon.
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No formal positional accuracy tests were undertaken.
No formal positional accuracy tests were undertaken.
Base shapefile used to construct this coverage - the enumeration area boundaries for the 1998 Malawi Population and Housing Census - was digitized from paper maps prepared by the Cartography Unit of the Malawi National Statistical Office. These maps were produced at the 1:50,000 scale for rural areas and at the 1:25,000 and 1:10,000 scales for urban areas. This base shapefile was used with the ESRI ArcView Districting extension software to combine enumeration areas into the aggregated enumeration areas represented in this shapefile.
Base shapefile used to construct this coverage - the enumeration area boundaries for the 1998 Malawi Population and Housing Census - was digitized from paper maps prepared by the Cartography Unit of the Malawi National Statistical Office. These maps were produced at the 1:50,000 scale for rural areas and at the 1:25,000 and 1:10,000 scales for urban areas. This base shapefile was used with the ESRI ArcView Districting extension software to combine enumeration areas into aggregated enumeration areas for the entire country. These aggregated enumeration areas were constructed using a household population criterion of a minimum population of 500 households. Moreover, the boundaries of the aggregated enumeration areas respected the Traditional Authority (sub-district administrative unit) and district boundaries. This shapefile was derived from the full national aggregated EA shapefile, by excluding aggregated EAs from the four major urban centers of Malawi - Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Mzuzu, as well as protected areas with small populations - national parks and forest reserves.
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Unique sequential number identifier for each aggregated EA
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
Unique aggregated EA identifier
Combination of NSO district code and SEQNO
Number of households in aggregated EA
1998 Census results
Mean household welfare indicator (total daily household consumption and expenditure per capita in March 1998 Malawi Kwacha)
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Standard error on mean household welfare indicator estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Gini index of consumption inequality
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Standard error on Gini index of consumption inequality estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Poverty headcount (proportion of all individuals whose level of consumption is below the basic-needs poverty line)
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Standard error of poverty headcount estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Poverty gap estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Standard error of poverty gap estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Poverty severity index (squared poverty gap) estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Standard error of poverty severity index estimate
Result of poverty mapping exercise
Dependency ratio, [total aged under 15 and over 65 years divided by TOTAL pop.]
1998 Population and Housing Census analysis
Mean maximum educational attainment level in households (years of school completed)
1998 Population and Housing Census analysis
Population density, [persons/km2]
1998 Population and Housing Census analysis
Name of secondt-level division (district)
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
Second-level code
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
Name of third-level division (sub-district)
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
Third-level code
IFPRI - International Food Policy Research Institute
Number of Persons in aggregated EA
1998 Population and Housing Census analysis
Average travel time in hours to nearest sub-district market center
Result of poverty mapping exercise
A new analytical geography for Malawi was created by aggregating the statistical enumeration areas used in the 1998 Malawi Population and Housing Census into units with a minimum population of 500 households. The data set here consists of the 3,004 aggregate enumeration areas found in rural zones of Malawi (not in the four major urban centers of the country or in protected areas - national parks and forest reserves). Poverty estimates were computed for each rural aggregated EA using a small-area poverty estimation method involving data from the 1997-98 Malawi Integrated Household Survey and the 1998 Census. The poverty headcount estimate from this exercise was used as the dependent variable in an analysis of the spatial determinants of poverty prevalence in rural aggregated EAs. The independent variables used are included in this data set, as are the results from a geographically weighted regression analysis for each aggregated EA.
Each unit is uniquely identified using the SEQNO field or the AGGREA field which includes the SEQNO and DISCODE information. The administrative hierarchy within which the aggregated EA is located is the Traditional Authority (TA & TACODE) and district (DISTRICT & DISCODE). The X and Y variables provide the geographical location of the aggregated EA polygon centerpoints The other attribute information comes from a range of sources: 1) 1998 Census results - NUMHH & NUMPERS variables; 2) the results of the poverty mapping exercise to compute poverty, welfare, and inequality estimates for each aggregated EAs - MEANY to ULTSEFGT_0; 3) a range of variables considered as explanatory variables of poverty that were extracted from a wide range of spatial datasets for Malawi - CLIOPT5PRE to RD_WT_PAV; and 4) the results of a geographically weighted regression analysis of the determinants of poverty prevalence in the rural aggregated EAs of Malawi - ID to LOCRSQ. Key citations for poverty mapping method: Elbers, C.; J. Lanjouw; and P. Lanjouw. 2003. Micro-level estimation of poverty and inequality. Econometrica. 71(1): 355-364. Elbers, C.; J. Lanjouw; and P. Lanjouw. 2000. Welfare in villages and towns: Micro-measurement of poverty and inequality. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 2000-029/2. Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam and Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Photocopy. Key citation for geographically weighted regression method: Fotheringham, A.S.; C. Brunsdon; & M. Charlton. 2002. Geographically Weighted Regression - The Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. The geographically weighted regression whose results are presented here involved the use of a Gaussian spatial weighting scheme based on the 347 nearest aggregated EAs.
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2033 K St. NW
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2033 K Street, NW