Identified gaps for Pennisetum genepool

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We found data for 53 wild species and 2 infraspecific taxa, accounting to a total of 55 taxa. These different taxa are classified as follows, according to their closeness to the cropped species P. glaucum using Maxted and Kell (2009) as follows:

The analysis dataset (download) contained 4,326 observations, with 3,364 (78%) being herbarium specimens and 962 (74%) being genebank accessions. The average number of total samples per taxon was 79 (standard deviation of 163), indicating that available data is not particularly limited, although it is concentrated in certain taxa (i.e. P. ciliare, P. polystachion, P. purpureum, P. violaceum, P. clandestinum, P. villosum). Other taxa such as P. domingense (1), and P. lanatum (1) and P. sieberianum present a very limited sampling and/or data availability and thus need further characterization and sampling for assessing a reliable ecogeographic evaluation on them.

The gap analysis of the Pennisetum genepool showed that there are 47 taxa that are either underrepresented or not represented in any way in genebanks out of the 55 taxa under analysis and these taxa was therefore flagged as high priority species. 26 of these taxa presented only 10 data points (sum of herbarium and germplasm), which indicates that these species in particular need to be further collected. Only species P. violaceum was found to be adequately represented in genebanks, while P. ciliare, P. flaccidum, P. orientale and P. pedicellatum were found to be relatively underrepresented and thus flagged as medium priority species, and P. divisum, P. mezianum and P. sphacelatum were found to be relatively well represented ex-situ.

Potential sampling zones

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Pennisetum high priority taxa were found to be distributed in Central and South America, Africa, the Arabic Peninsula, Australia and southeastern Asia. Zones in the map above are those in which the species is likely to exist and no genebank accessions have been collected

Potential sampling richness

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Several great sampling-richness were found (i.e. Andean region in South America, subsaharian Africa, Argentina’s northeastern region).

Brief description of data used in the analysis

P. glaucum was originated in western Africa, its closest wild relatives are found in arid regions of west and east Africa (Maxted and Kell, 2009). Following table shows the number of records (herbarium, germplasm, total) used per species for the Hordeum genepool gap analysis.

Species’ taxonomy was reviewed using Maxted and Kell (2009) as a first stage, the GRIN taxonomical review in second place, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew taxonomy database. After cross-checking and correcting both synonyms and orthography of the species’ names, a thorough georeferencing process is carried out to obtain a spatially explicit database containing as many records as possible for each species. After this, records outside continental boundaries were deleted and a final dataset was produced for analyses.

These are the 66 different collections from which data were readily available:

1. Árboles de la Península de Yucatán, Flora del Distrito de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca y Familia Asteraceae en México (IBUNAM)
2. Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
3. Australian National Herbarium (CANB)
4. Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México (BANGEV, UACH)
5. BDBCV - III Semana de la Biodiversidad (Alicante, Spain), 2008
6. Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
7. Biologiezentrum Linz
8. Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
9. Bizzenbach-Aue im Bizzenbachtal (Wehrheim/Taunus)
10. Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Netzwerk Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
11. Database Schema for UC Davis [Herbarium Labels]
12. EMBRAPA Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia - CENARGEN
13. EURISCO, The European Genetic Resources Search Catalogue
14. Galapagos grasses and sedges
15. Haus der Natur Salzburg
16. Herbario de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México (ENCB, IPN)
17. Herbario de la Universidad de Arizona, EUA
18. Herbario de la Universidad de Salamanca: SALA
19. Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-BAJIO)
20. Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México (IE-XAL)
21. Herbarium de Geo. B. Hinton, México
22. Herbarium of Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History
23. Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
24. Herbarium Universitat Ulm
25. Herbarium W
26. Herbier de la Guyane
27. herbier de nouvelle-caledonie
28. Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium (FBonafè)
29. Impetus - Herbarium Hamburgense
30. Institut Botanic de Barcelona, BC
31. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales
32. Internation Botanical Collections (S)
33. Inventaire national du Patrimoine naturel (INPN)
34. Israel Nature and Parks Authority
35. Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
36. Kurashiki Museum of Natural History
37. Lund Botanical Museum (LD)
38. Magnoliophyta- Taiwan Biodiversity Data for GBIF
39. Missouri Botanical Garden
40. New Zealand Biodiversity Recording Network
41. New Zealand National Plant Herbarium (CHR)
42. NMNH Botany Collections
43. NSW herbarium collection
44. Observations du Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien.
45. Phanerogamie
46. Plants of Papua New Guinea
47. privater Garten
48. Real Jardin Botanico (Madrid), Vascular Plant Herbarium (MA)
49. Repatriación de datos del Herbario de Arizona (ARIZ)
50. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
51. SysTax
52. The AAU Herbarium Database
53. The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
54. The System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER)
55. UA Herbarium
56. United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
57. Universidad de Almería, HUAL
58. Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
59. Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormof
60. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
61. University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
62. USDA PLANTS Database
63. USU-UTC Specimen Database
64. Vascular Plant Collection
65. Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
66. Vascular plants of south-central China

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